Gamboge

Garcinia mangostana, commonly known as the mangosteen, is a tropical evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia. Traditionally, its use has not been well-documented in any specific medical traditions. However, some scientific studies suggest potential health benefits. Limited clinical evidence indicates that mangosteen peel extract might improve insulin sensitivity and lower fasting glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), though more extensive research is required to confirm these findings. Additionally, BM (mangostin) has shown significant anti-cancer activity by inhibiting colorectal cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis through ER stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. In vitro studies also suggest that α-mangostin can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus by competing with menaquinone for binding sites on NDH-2, blocking electron transfer at the quinone pool. A polyphenol-rich Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract demonstrated improvements in glycemic control, lipid profiles, and sperm quality in obese-diabetic male rats. No major safety concerns or recorded drug interactions have been identified to date.

Informational only. Traditional use does not mean proven effectiveness. Evidence and safety vary — check the cited sources.